วารสารวิชาการนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ

Owners and Charterers to Provide Clause 6 stipulates that the owners are to provide terms which extend the shipowner’s documentary duty to include the documents and certificates kept up through the whole charter period. The basic owner’s duty is to meet all Certificate of Financial Responsibility (“COFR”) for oil pollution. 39 This certificate has arisen from the oil spill incident, which is known as the Exxon Valdez oil spill catastrophe, and therefore the United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990 now calls for COFR to be carried by the vessels which are over 300 gross tonnes, or which transport oil in the United States waters. 40 The NYPE 2015 sets the direct duty on the shipowner to provide and maintain such COFR. If the COFR renewal needed is unavailable in the market, or the cost of such renewal premium is significantly higher than the course of the charter, then the shipowner and the charterer are obliged to find the commonly agreeable solution. In the case of no solution, the COFR provided for the particular port is no longer need, meaning that COFR is to be excluded. 41 The charterers need to provide, in Clause 7 of NYPE 2015, have been revised from Clause 2 of NYPE 1946 and Clause 7 of NYPE 1993. Consequently, the charterer now has to pay for customary and compulsory pilotages. 39 NYPE 2015 Time Charter Party Explanatory Notes 7 40 James Newdigate (n 26) 41 NYPE 2015 Time Charter Party Explanatory Notes 7 วารสารวิชาการนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ ปีที่ 6 ฉบับที่ 8 กรกฎาคม 2560 - มิถุนายน 2561 127