วารสารวิชาการนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ

defined functions, however, they give the charterer a less advantageous position compared with the current common law. Consequently, the charterer should consider carefully before entering into the contract, and whether to exclude or amend the wording in this clause where commercially possible. 67 Lien The updated Clause 23 regarding lien is modified to establish a lien on sub-hires and sub-freights in any sub-charterers, and also extends to deadfreight and demurrage. The clause reflects the interpretation of the English courts on the lien on sub-freights in The Cebu 68 and The Western Moscow. 69 Each charterparty has lien clauses which give the shipowner the lien on hire and/or freight, which are paid directly to their charterer subject to its sub-charter. These arise under the charterparties lower down the contractual chain. It is, therefore, extensive and provides the powerful enforcement method to the shipowner for non-payment. 70 67 The Charterers P&I Club (n 16) 68 Care Shipping Corp v Latin American Shipping Corp (The Cebu ) [ 1983 ]  QB 1005 69 Western Bulk Shipowning III A / S v Carbofer Maritime Trading ApS & others (The Western Moscow) [ 2012 ]  EWHC 1224 (Comm) 70 David McKie and Miranda Hearn (n 45) วารสารวิชาการนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยทักษิณ ปีที่ 6 ฉบับที่ 8 กรกฎาคม 2560 - มิถุนายน 2561 135