2011 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
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Normalization
This step is normalization; divide each indicator by a
reference value and to get a dimensionless score (as each
indicator is divided by a parameter with the same unit).
The scores are plotted in terms of dimensionless numbers.
After normalization, all impact category indicators
exhibit the same unit, which makes it easier to compare
among them. Results were given in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Result of normalization process.
Weighting
The impact category indicators are multiplied by
weighting factors, and results were shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Result of weighting process.
Single score
The single score was used in weighting and results
were presented in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Result of single score process.
Analysis of the environmental impacts, as shown in
Table. 7, indicated that the briquette production process
contributed to the highest environmental impact of
57.73% of the total. The environmental impacts of
electricity production and transportation were 41.80%
and 0.47%, respectively. The major impacts were Aquatic
Eutrophication EP(P), Human Toxicity Soil (HTS), and
Human Toxicity Water
(HTW), as shown in Fig 7. The
comparison of environmental impact in the transportation
process, in briquette production process, and in electricity
production process was presented in Fig. 8-10.
TABLE
VII
E
NVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM EACH PROCESS PER
1
KWH
Process
Pt
%
Transportation
4.63
u
10
-6
0.47
Briquette Production
5.71
u
10
-4
57.73
Electricity Production
4.14
u
10
-4
41.80
Total
9.90
u
10
-4
100
Fig. 7. Environmental impact category in 3 processes.
Fig. 8. Environmental impact category in transportation
process.
