production at 40°C and 45°C was selected and further
used as the fermenting microorganism of pretreated
OPEFB and oat straw. The selected isolate showed good
ethanol yield on the fermentation of oat straw. The low
ethanol yield from OPEFB was due to the low
digestibility of OPEFB after fungal pretreatment.
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENT
Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of
National Education of Republic of Indonesia through
Competitive Research Grant of International Joint
Research for International Publication (Grant No.
180/SP2H/PL/Dit.litabmas/IV/2012), The International
Program Office of Sweden, and Swedish International
Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) are gratefully
acknowledged for the financial support for this research.
R
EFERENCES
[1]
Lynd L.R., van Zyl W. H., McBride J.E., Laser M.,
Consolidated Bioprocessing Of Cellulosic Biomass: An
Update
. Journal of Current Opinion in Biotechnology,
Vol.16, 2005, pp. 577-583
[2]
Taherzadeh M. J., Karimi K.,
Acid-Based Hydrolysis
processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A
Review
. Journal of Bioresources, Vol. 2, 2007, pp. 472-
499
[3]
FAOSTAT Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations. Oil palm fruits, area harvested: Available
online:
D=567#ancor/ [accessed on March 26, 2013].
[4]
Kim S., Dale B. E.,
Global Potential Bioethanol
Production from Wasted Crops and Crop residuals
.
Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 26, 2004, pp.
361-375.
[5]
Taherzadeh M. J., Karimi K.;
Pretreatment of
Lignocellulosic Wastes to Improve Ethanol and Biogas
Production: A Review
. International Journal of Molecular
Science. Vol. 9, 2008, pp. 1621-1651.
[6]
Zadrazil F., Puniya A.K.;
Studies on the Effect Of Particle
Size on Solid-State Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse
Into Animal Feed Using White-Rot Fungi
. Journal of
Bioresource Technology. Vol. 54, 1995, pp. 85–87.
[7]
Martínez A.T., Camarero S., Guillén F., Gutiérrez A.,
Muñoz C., Varela, E., Martínez M. J., Barrasa J., Ruel K.,
Pelayo J.;
Progress
i
n Biopulping of Non-Woody
Materials: Chemical, Enzymatic and Ultrastructural
Aspects of Wheat Straw Delignification with Ligninolytic
Fungi from the Genus Pleurotus
. FEMS Microbiol.
Rev
.
Vol. 13, 1994, pp. 265–273.
[8]
Steinkraus K. H.;
Industrialization of Indigenous
Fermented Foods
. 2
nd
ed., 2004, New York: Marcel
Dekker.
[9]
Millati R., Edebo L., Taherzadeh M. J.;
Performance of
Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, and Mucor in Ethanol Production
from Glucose, Xylose, and Wood Hydrolyzates
. Journal of
Enzyme Microbial Technology. Vol. 36, 2005, pp. 294-
300.
[10]
Wikandari R., Millati R., Lenartsson P., Harmayani E.,
Taherzadeh M. J.;
Isolation and Characterization of
Zygomycetes Fungi from Tempe for Ethanol Production
and Biomass Application
, Journal of Applied Biochemical
and Biotechnology, Vol. 167, No. 6, 2012, pp. 1501-1512.
[11]
Chatterjee S., Adhya M., Guha K. A., Chatterjee B. P.
Chitosan from Mucor rouxii: Production and Physico-
chemical Characterization
. Journal of Process Biochem,
Vol. 4, 2005, pp. 395–400.
[12]
Isroi, Ishola M. M., Millati R., Syamsiah S., Cahyanto M.
N., Niklasson C., Taherzadeh M. J.,
Structural Changes of
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) After Fungal and
Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment.
Journal of Molecules
,
Vol.
17, 2012, pp. 14995-15012.
[13]
Sluiter A., Hames B., Ruiz R., Scarlata C., Sluiter J.,
Templeton D., Crocker D.
Determination of Structural
Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass
, Technical Report
No.NREL/TP-510-42618, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory: Golden, CO, USA, 8 July 2011 pp. 12.
[14]
Banat A., Babiker M.A. Hoshida H., Ano A., Nonklang
S., Akada R.;
High Temperature Fermentation: How Can
Process for Ethanol Production at High Temperatures
Become Superior to the Traditional Process Using
Mesophilic Yeast?
.Journal of
Applied Microbiology and
Biotechnology, Vol.
85, 2010, pp. 861-867.
[15]
Nieves D.C., Karimi K., Horváth I.S.,
Improvement of
Biogas Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
(OPEFB)
. Journal of Industrial Crops and Products, Vol.
34, 2011, pp. 1097– 1101.
[16]
Alemdar A., Sain M.,
Isolation and Characterization of
Nanofibers from Agricultural Residues-Wheat Straw and
Soy Hulls
. Journal of Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99,
2008, pp. 1664-1671.
[17]
Karimi K., Emtiazi G., & Taherzadeh M. J.,
Ethanol
Production from Dilute-acid Pretreated Rice Straw by
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation with
Mucor indicus, Rhyzopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
. Journal of Enzyme and Microbial Technology,
Vol. 40, 2006, pp. 138-144.
2013 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
- 180 -
