2011 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
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the monthly pumped water yield were predicted based on
the ambient condition of Phatthalung province, southern
Thailand. In order to accomplish the simulation, the
standard components i.e., data readers (Type 109a), a-Si
solar cell (Type 180a), a wind turbine generator (Type
90), system printer, battery bank (Type 47d), and pump
(Type 3b) and the new generated components i.e., PV
controller, wind turbine controller, and pump controller
were used in TRNSYS platform as shown in Fig. 2.
The
ambient conditions were solar radiation which estimated
from sunshine duration, wind speed, and ambient
temperature which were obtained and recorded in 2008
from the meteorological station in Phatthalung province
in southern Thailand.
Fig. 2. Transient simulation of a hybrid solar and wind water pumping system using TRNSYS 16.01.
B. Experimental Setup
Experimentation was conducted for the field testing
under ambient condition of Phatthalung province in
southern Thailand starting from November 2009.
Unfortunately, due to the damage of data logger, the
measurement finished in April 2010. However, these
experimental data could represent the seasonal data since
the season in southern Thailand has two major seasons in
general i.e. summer and rainy seasons. The summer
season plays a major role during March until September
while the rainy season plays a major role during October
until February. The following ambient parameters were
recorded; global solar radiation intensity, wind speed, and
ambient temperature. The current and voltage produced
by a PV generator and a wind turbine generator were also
recorded. The current and voltage for charge and
discharge condition were measured. The current and
voltage for supplying of a D.C. motor-pump were
measured and recorded. The accumulation of water flow
was also measured. The global solar radiation intensity
was measured and recorded using a Kipp&Zonen CMP11
pyranometer with 1 min logging interval. The incident of
solar radiation intensity on the tilt surface of a PV
generator was then computed. The speed and direction of
wind were measured and recorded at height of 10 m and
13 m using HOBO wind speed and direction sensors with
accuracy of
r
0.1 m/s and 1 min interval. The wind
speed at hub height of a wind turbine generator (15 m)
was then extrapolated using a power law with 1/7
th
exponent. The ambient temperature and humidity were
measured and recorded using temperature and humidity
sensor attached within radiation shield with logging
interval of 1 min.
III. R
ESULT AND
D
ISCUSSION
The variation of hourly and monthly global solar
radiation in Phatthalung province during November 2009
until April 2010 was shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen that
the higher global solar radiation intensity occurred during
February until April when this period of the year is
summer. The maximum hourly global solar radiation
intensity was 780 W/m
2
in March 2010 around noon. The
hourly global solar radiation intensity in rainy season was
in the range of 400-600 W/m
2
during 9.00 a.m. until 4.00
p.m. as shown in Fig. 3. Due to the geographical location
of Phatthalung province where it located in the middle of
Malaysian peninsular in southern Thailand, thus, the
wind speed on main land was rather low in the range of
2.5-4 m/s as shown in Fig. 4. The more wind speed
occurred during 10.00 a.m. until 4.00 p.m. During the
night the wind speed is almost calm or less than 1 m/s.
Fig. 5 showed the variation of hourly ambient
temperature in Phatthalung province during November
2009 until April 2010. The maximum ambient
temperature occurred in April 2010 around 1.00 p.m. The
monthly average ambient temperature occurred in
November 2009. The lowest ambient temperature
occurred around 6 a.m.
