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ÁºÉ°¤˜n°„´œ °Šž¦³‹» ª„ Ca2+ ¨³ Fe 3+ (Multivalent cation) „´®¤¼n‡µ¦r °„Ž·Á¨˜ °ŠÂŸnœ¢d¨r¤ šÎµÄ®oÁ„·—¡´œ›³
ÁºÉ°¤Ã¥ŠÅ°°°œ·„ (Ionically crosslinked) Áž}œŸ¨Ä®o¤¸„µ¦ÁºÉ°¤˜n°¦³®ªnµŠµ¥ÃŽn°¥¼nĄ¨o „´œ¤µ„ ¹Êœ n °ŠªnµŠ¦³®ªnµŠ
µ¥ÃŽn‹¹Šœo°¥¨Š ¨³„µ¦ ¥µ¥˜´ª °Šµ¥ÃŽn„È‹³Á„·—Å—oœo°¥ÁœºÉ °Š‹µ„„µ¦—¹Š¦´ÊŠ„´œ °Šµ¥ÃŽn ¦Š˜o µœ„µ¦ ¥µ¥˜´ª
°ŠÂŸnœ¢d¨r¤¤¸ ‡nµ¼ ŠšÎµÄ®oŸnœ¢d¨r¤Á„·—„µ¦¡°Š˜´ªÅ—oœo °¥¨Š œ´Éœ‡º°ÂŸnœ¢d¨r¤‹³µ¤µ¦™—¼—Ž´œÊεŗoœo °¥¨Š ¨³
¡´œ›³ÁºÉ°¤Ã¥ŠÅ°°°œ·„š¸ÉÁ„·— ¹ÊœšÎµÄ®oŸnœ¢d¨r¤¤¸‡ªµ¤Â È Š¤µ„ ¹Êœ
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H2O NaCl CaCL2 FeCl3
£µ¡š¸É 5 ž¦·¤µ–œÊε¤—»¨ (Equilibrium Water content) š¸ÉŸnœ¢d¨r¤µ¤µ¦™—¼—Ž´Å—oĜµ¦¨³¨µ¥Á„¨º°
š¸É ¤¸ž¦³‹»ª„ (Cation) ˜nµŠœ· —„´œ š¸É‡ªµ¤Á o¤ oœ 0.15 mol/l Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥„´œÊ儨´Éœ
(2) µ¦¨³¨µ¥Á„¨º°š¸É¤¸ž¦³‹»ª„®œ¹É Š (Monovalent cation) ˜nµŠœ· —„´œ
ž¦·¤µ–œÊÎ µ¤—»¨ °ŠÂŸnœ¢d ¨r¤š¸É ¤¸°´˜¦µn ªœ 20:10 °Š CMC:SF µ¤µ¦™—¼—Ž´Å—oĜµ¦¨³¨µ¥Á„¨º°
‡¨°Å¦—rš¸É ¤¸ž¦³‹»ª„®œ¹ÉŠ (Monovalent cation) —ŠÄœ¦¼žš¸É 6 ¡ªnµ¤¸ÂœªÃœo¤Áž}œ—´Šœ¸Ê LiCl > NaCl > KCl
ÁœºÉ°Š‹µ„ œµ—°œ»£µ‡ °Šž¦³‹» ª„š¸É¤¸œµ—Á¨È„‹³µ¤µ¦™—¼ —Ž´œÊεŗo ¼Š Á¡¦µ³ž¦³‹»ª„š¸É¤¸°œ» £µ‡ œµ—Á¨È„
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Á„¨º°š¸É¤¸ž¦³‹»ª„®œ¹ÉŠ (Monovalent cation) ˜nµŠœ· —„´œ š¸É‡ªµ¤Á o¤ oœ 0.15 mol/l
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Ÿnœ¢d ¨r¤¡°¨· Á¤°¦r ǦŠ¦nµŠÂ®„¹ÉŠ°—Å ªo‹µ„‡µ¦r°„Ž¸ Á¤š·¨ÁŽ¨¨¼ 訳Ţݦ°·œ‹µ„Å®¤Åš¥
Á˜¦¸¥¤Ã—¥Äo CMC ‡ªµ¤Á o¤ oœ 5% (w/v) Ÿ¤„´ SF ‡ªµ¤Á o¤ oœ 2% (w/v) Ĝ°´ ˜¦µnªœ 20:10 ×¥ž¦·¤µ˜¦ Ž¹ÉŠ
Áž}œ°´˜¦µnªœš¸ÉÁ®¤µ³¤ ‡º° Ÿnœ¢d¨r¤š¸ÉÁ˜¦¸ ¥¤Å—o¤¸¨´„¬–³Áž}œÂŸnœ¢d ¨r¤š¸É ¤¸¦¼žš¦Šš¸É —¸ ¤¸ ¸Á®¨º°Š ¤¸ ‡ªµ¤¥º—®¥»n œ
LiCl
% EWC
% EWC
NaCl KCl
H2O NaCl CaCl2 FeCl3
2 l l l3