structure, whereas the valence band is spread over a wider energy interval in normal spinel
structures. We found that
the top of valence band consists predominantly of cation
d
and O
p
states, with hybridized strongly, whereas the
bottom of conduction bands arises mostly from mixture of oxygen and cation
s
states. The finding will help us in
future study and design of high-performance transparent conducting oxides.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
T.P. expresses his gratitude to Mr. Prachit Kong-rat for his kindly helps and any suggestions. This project is
financial supported by Career Development Grants from the Thailand Research Fund and Commission of Higher
Education given to A.U. (MRG53-Anurak Udomvech) is acknowledged.
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