2011 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
- 183 -
TABLE I
N
ATIONAL HARVESTED AREAS OF SUGARCANE
,
RICE
,
AND OIL PALM
[7]
*2.5 rai = 1 acre
TABLE II
B
IOMASS RESIDUES FROM SUGARCANE
,
RICE
,
AND OIL PALM
Biomass
Production
(x10
6
tons)/year
Bio mass
residues
Residues
(x 10
6
tons)
LHV
(kJ/kg)
Energy
(kJ)
Sugarcane
47.7/(2006)
Sugar
cane
trash
13.833
15.5
214,121
64.4/(2007)
18.676
289,086
73.5/(2008)
21.315
329,935
Rice
29.64/(2006)
Rice
husk
6.521
14.2
92,624
32.10/(2007)
7.062
100,309
31.47/(2008)
6.923
98,334
Oil palm
6.7 /(2006)
Palm oil
shell
1.273
16.9
21,514
6.4 /(2007)
1.216
20,550
9/ (2008)
1.71
28,899
6.7 /(2006)
Palm oil
empty
fruit
bunch
1.541
7.24
11,157
6.4/ (2007)
1.472
10,657
9/ (2008)
2.07
14,987
The chemical composition of the palm oil shell
consisted of the following expressed as percentage by
weight; C, 50.52 %; H, 5.69 %, and S, 0.02 % [8]. It
carries a large amount of C content and very low ash
compared with sugarcane trash and rice husk, that
especially palm oil shells are well suited as they have
acceptable moisture content (12 %).
II. Elaborate a possible configuration for a BtL
production in Thailand
At present there are 56 palm oil mills in Thailand
situated in one part of the country, i.e, southern region.
Recently algae have also been identified as a potential
source of bio-oil. From a potential analysis of biomass
residue conversion to bio-oils, it was found that, a
possible configuration for a BtL production in Thailand
consist of five fast pyrolysis plants with each about 100
MW in four location (Surat Thani two plants, and
Chumporn, Krabi and Thrang with each one plants) and
one central 500 MW gasification synthesis palnt located
in Surat Thani as shown in Table III. Table IV shows that
almost 847,674 tons of palm oil shells are generated
annually in Thailand. Largae amounts of feed stock for
bio-oil.
TABLE III
S
HOW COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF FAST PYROLYSIS PLANT AND
GASIFICATION PLANT IN SOUNTHERN THAILNAD
Crop year
Harvested area (x1000 rai
*
)
Sugar cane
Rice
Oil Palm
2001/02
6,320
63,283
1,457
2002/03
7,121
60,335
1,644
2003/04
7,120
61,025
1,799
2005/06
6,034
67,610
2,374
2006/07
6,315
70,190
2,663
2007/08
6,591
69,110
2,869
Province-
province
Distance by
Rail-transport
(km)/
Distance by
Truck-
transport (km)
Cost
transportation
of Biomass
Residues to
fast pyrolysis
(Bath/year)
Cost of
transportation
from fast
pyrolysis
plant to
gasification
plant
Chumphon-
Surat Thani
117/197
18,397,199.87
(Rail)
47,656,125.91
(Truck)
Krabi - Surat
Thani
-/211
63,784,018.93
Trang - Surat
Thani
220/226
34,741,425.09
(Rail)
54,906,028.46
(Truck)
Phangnga-
Krabi
-/86
38,571
Satun - Trang
140/140
9,660,000
Songkhla
(Hat yai) -
Trang
-/148
13,316,448
