2011 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
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Fig. 5. Engine power at different engine speeds.
Fig. 6. Specific fuel consumption at different engine speeds.
Fig. 7. CO emission at different engine speeds.
Fig. 8. NOx emission at different engine speeds.
Fig. 9. Black smoke of engine with different oil compositions.
Engine speed.
Figs. 7 and 8 show CO and NOx emissions of the
engine with different tested fuels.
It could be seen that
the diesel/CPO/water emulsion gave lowest emissions
followed by the diesel/water emulsion. Fig. 9 shows
the results of the black smoke from the engine. The
opacity of the black smoke from diesel oil was 48 %
while those from diesel/water emulsion and
diesel/CPO/water emulsion were 40-45 % and 38-42
%, respectively. Therefore, it could be noted that the
emulsion could reduce the emissions of the engine
significantly but higher specific fuel consumptions
were needed.
V. C
ONCLUSION
Higher viscosity and low heating value of
emulsified blended oil of diesel/CPO were found with
higher content of CPO compared with those of diesel
oil. Higher content of water also reduced viscosity and
heating value. With suitable composition of the
diesel/CPO/water emulsion as fuel in the tested diesel
engine, such as 90/5/5 composition, the engine power
and the engine torque were close to that with diesel oil
and the specific fuel consumption was slightly higher
than that of the diesel oil but the emissions in terms of
CO, NOx and black smoke were less significantly.
Moreover, the wears in some engine parts were found
to be similar with those with the diesel oil after 200 h
operation.
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support
provided by the Commission on Higher Education
Thailand and the facilities from Rajamangala
University of Technology Lanna and the Graduate
School, Chiang Mai University.
R
EFERENCES
[1] Winyachompunart, B., Wibulswas, P. and Tiansuwan,
J., 2000, “Predictions of Combustion Rates of Blended
Palm O
il Droplets by Forced Convection Theory”,
World Renewable Energy Congress VI, p. 2410-2413.
[2] Cherng-Yuan Lin, Kuo-Hua Wang,2004, Effects of
Diesel Engine Speed and Water Content on Emission
Characteristics of Three-Phase Emulsions, Department
of Marine Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean
University.
