2011 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
- 81 -
Abstract
--According to 2
nd
National GHG 2000, Energy
sector is the highest sector that emitted greenhouse gas.
Moreover, the second is agriculture sector. In 2000,
Thailand’s agriculture sector emitted GHG 51.88 TgCO
2
eq
or 22.6 % of total GHG emission . Methane is the main
GHG that emitted from agricultural sector. In agriculture
sector, the most GHG emission sectors are the rice field sub-
sector and Livestock sub-sector , respectively. Livestock
sub-sector emitted methane 13.33 TgCO
2
eq or 25.65% of
total of GHG from agriculture sector. This divided into 8.26
TgCO
2
eq from enteric fermentation or 15.85% of overall
agricultural sector and 5.07 TgCO
2
eq manure management
or 9.8% of overall agricultural sector. At the Thailand’s
GDP growth rate of 3%, GHG emission of livestock sub-
sector from 2010 to 2050 will increase up to 40-50 TgCO
2
eq.
This amount of GHG produces from enteric fermentation
32.32 TgCO
2
eq and manure management 8.18 TgCO
2
eq .
Most of an increase GHG are from manure management of
dairy cattle, non-dairy cattle and buffalo. The propose
mitigation options that change existing manure
management system of dairy cattle, non-dairy cattle to
anaerobic digester with biogas utilization in the part. This
option can reduce GHG from manure management in 2050
from 8.18TgCO
2
eq to 4.10TgCO
2
eq and receive biogas 279.1
million cubic meters per year as well as reduce the specific
emission factor of dairy cattle from 25.95 to 3.9
kgCH
4
/head/year, non-dairy cattle from 5.01 to 3.04
kgCH
4
/head/year and swine from 10.53 to 1.67
kgCH
4
/head/year.
Index Terms
--manure management, GHG mitigation,
biogas form livestock, methane.
II.
I
NTRODUCTION
Methane generated from livestock agriculture of
Thailand comes from two parts, the first is enteric
fermentation; methane production as a by-product of
digestive process in animals and the second part is
manure management; methane production during the
storage and treatment of manure[1,2]. In 2000, Thailand’s
livestock sector emitted GHG of 13.33 TgCO
2
eq that
came from enteric fermentation 8.26 TgCO
2
eq and
manure management 5.07 TgCO
2
eq[3]. In enteric
fermentation part, cattle, non-dairy cattle and buffalo are
the largest contributing livestock species to methane
This work was supported by Office of Natural Resources and
Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) and Thailand Greenhouse
Gas Management Organization (Public Organization)(TGO)
emission, accounting for 97 percent. In the same way,
cattle, non-dairy cattle and swine are the largest
contributing livestock species to methane emission from
manure management, accounting for 94 percent [3]. In
this paper, we emphasized on the methane emission from
manure management part. According to the calculating
result of methane emission from manure management in
2000, which was calculated using tier2 and followed up
the IPCC 1996 manual[1], the top 3 livestock species that
emitted the highest amount of methane is swine (67
percent), non-dairy cattle (20 percent) and dairy cattle (7
percent), respectively (Fig. 1.). In addition, and the
emission increased with increasing the population of
livestock(Fig. 2.)[3].
Fig. 1. Percentage of methane from manure management of livestock in
2000.
Fig. 2. Amount of methane from manure management of livestock from
2000-2005.
Mitigation of methane from Manure
Management in Thailand
O. Laopitinan
*
, A. Nopharatana
*
and S. Towprayoon
**,***
*
Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management (ECoWaste), King Mon
gkut’s University of Technology
Thonburi, (
Thailand
)
**
Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
,
(
Thailand
)
***
School of Energy, Environment and Materials
, King Mongkut’s Un
iversity of Technology Thonburi, (
Thailand
)
