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Introduction
Caffeine is a natural substance found in popular beverage, tea and coffee. It acts as a central nervous
system (CNS) and cardiac stimulants. It is considerably more toxic to some other human due to a much poorer
ability to metabolize this compound, and to a much sensitive to caffeine. The signs of toxicity include tremor,
nausea, nervousness, and tachycardia/arrhythmia. Caffeine may in some people, causes tachycardia and gastric
symptoms. Caffeine has also been implicated as a cause of food allergy, a non-specific term for a disorder which
includes symptoms such as headache, palpitations, vomiting, panic attacks and anxiety. Caffeine interferes with
normal sleep patterns and may enhance the absorption of certain drugs. Caffeine is said to be popular in cosmetic
application, it works as anti-wrinkles and anti-periobital hyperpigmentation products, hair lose prevention
shampoo, Alopecia aerate treatment (Adolf and Kurt, 2005), Cellulite treatment products (Sainio
et al
., 2000). It’s
assumed that the caffeine can penetrate the skin once it’s applied. But even if caffeine does enter the bloodstream
via cosmetic topical product, the jury is out on whether enough of it can penetrate to make a difference in
alertness. So the type of topical cosmetic base in which caffeine composed is important one to predict whether a
cosmetic product is safe or risky. So the aim of this study is to comparatively study the percutaneous absorption of
two typical type of emulsion, and discuss which one should be apply in cosmetic product.
Materials and methods
The caffeine used in formulations was anhydrous powder of commercial grade bought from Vita
Co.Ltd., a local company in Bangkok. Other chemicals listed in Table 1 were cosmetic grade, bought from
P.C.Drug Center Co.Ltd., a local company in Bangkok too.
Table 1 Chemical composition of the investigated formulations
Ingredients
Content (%w/w)
Categories
o/w emulsion
w/o emulsion
Mineral oil
20
56
Emollient agent
Cetyl alcohol
5
7
Stiffening agent
Tween 60
2.45
-
Emulsifier (o/w)
Span 60
7.55
-
Emulsifier (o/w)
Arlacel 83
-
10
Emulsifier (w/o)
Methyl paraben
0.5
0.5
Preservative
Propyl paraben
0.1
0.1
Preservative
Caffeine
3
3
Active ingredient
Purified water to
100
100
Vehicle
