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1. œª‡·—š§¬‘¸Á«¦¬“«µ˜¦r ·ÉŠÂª—¨o°¤ “®¨´„„µ¦Ÿ¼o„n °¤¨¡·¬Áž}œŸ¼o ‹nµ¥”
®¨´„„µ¦Ÿ¼o„n°¤¨¡· ¬Áž}œŸ¼o‹nµ¥ (Polluter Pay Principle: PPP) ‡º° „µ¦„ε®œ—‡nµ›¦¦¤Áœ¸¥¤„µ¦Äo
š¦´¡¥µ„¦›¦¦¤µ˜· Ž¹ÉŠÁž}œ‡nµ›¦¦¤Áœ¸¥¤š¸É„n°Ä®oÁ„·—‡ªµ¤Á¸ ¥®µ¥˜n°·ÉŠÂª—¨o°¤ ×¥Áœoœªnµ “Ÿ¼o„n°¤¨¡·¬˜o°ŠÁž} œ
Ÿ¼o¦³Ÿ·—°‡nµÄo‹nµ¥œ¸Ê” ª· ›¸„µ¦„ε®œ—‡nµ›¦¦¤Áœ¸¥¤‹³¥¹—®¨´„‡ªµ¤Á¸¥®µ¥š¸É Á„·— ¹Ê œ ×¥¡·‹µ¦–µªn µŸ¼o„n°¤¨¡·¬
‹³˜o°Š‹nµ¥‡nµÁ¸ ¥®µ¥š¸ÉÁ„·— ¹Êœ ×¥‡Îµœª–ªnµŸ¼o„n°¤¨¡·¬‹³˜o°Š‹nµ¥‡nµÁ¸ ¥®µ¥ÁšnµÅ¦Îµ®¦´ ‡ªµ¤Á¸¥®µ¥š¸É¤¸˜n°
·ÉŠÂª—¨o°¤ (Hassan, 2006) Ĝ¦³—´®œ¹ÉŠ Ç ®¦º°Ÿ¼o„n°¤¨¡·¬˜o°Š‹nµ¥ÁšnµÅ¦Äœ„µ¦‡ºœ£µ¡Á—·¤Ä®o„´·É ŠÂª—¨o°¤
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2. œª‡·—š§¬‘¸„µ¦¦·Ã£‡š¸É ´¤¡´œ›r„´¦µ¥Å—o ´¤¼¦–r (Absolute Income Theory of Consumption)
š§¬‘¸„µ¦¦·Ã£‡˜µ¤Âœª‡·— °Š John Maynard Keynes ÁºÉ°ªn µÄœ¦³Á«¦¬“„·‹š¸É Ÿ¼o¦·Ã£‡¤¸ Á¦¸£µ¡Äœ
„µ¦Á¨º °„¦·Ã£‡·œ‡oµÂ¨³¦·„µ¦ ‡nµÄo‹nµ¥Á¡ºÉ°„µ¦¦· ㇚¸É˜´ÊŠÄ‹Åªo°Š‡¦´ªÁ¦º °œÄœŠª—Áª¨µ®œ¹ÉŠ‹³™¼„„ε®œ—
×¥¦³—´¦µ¥Å—o ´ ¤¼¦–rĜŠª—Áª¨µœ´Êœ (Keynes, 1936) Ž¹É Šµ¤µ¦™Á ¸¥œÄœ¦¼ž °Š¤„µ¦ —Š‡ªµ¤´ ¤¡´œ›r
°¥n µŠŠnµ¥ °Š„µ¦¦·Ã£‡Å—o —´Šœ¸Ê
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C ‡º° ‡nµÄo‹nµ¥Á¡ºÉ°„µ¦¦·Ã£‡
Ca ‡º° ‡nµÄo ‹nµ¥Á¡ºÉ°„µ¦¦·Ã£‡Äœ –³š¸É¥´ŠÅ¤n¤¸¦µ¥Å—o ¤oªnµ» ‡‡¨‹³¥´ŠÅ¤n¤¸¦µ¥Å—o (Y=0 ˜n Á¡ºÉ°
‡ªµ¤°¥¼n¦°—„Șo°Š„·œ˜o°ŠÄo°¥¼n)
b ‡º° ‡nµ ´ ¤ž¦³·š›·Í°Š„µ¦¦·Ã£‡ (Coefficient)
Y ‡º° ¦³—´¦µ¥Å—oš¸É µ¤µ¦™œÎµÅž‹´‹n µ¥Äo °¥Å—o‹¦·Š
°¥n µŠÅ¦„Șµ¤Á¦µµ¤µ¦™°›·µ¥‡ªµ¤´¤¡´ œ›r¦³®ªnµŠ¦µ¥Å—o „µ¦¦·Ã£‡ ¨³·ÉŠÂª—¨o°¤ (Tietenberg,
1982) ŗo —´Šœ¸Ê
3. œª‡·— Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC)
Áž}œ„µ¦Â—Š‡ªµ¤´¤¡´ œ›r°Š¦³—´¦µ¥Å—o ˜n°®´ ª®¦º°¦µ¥Å—ož¦³µµ˜· „´¦³—´¤¨¡·¬š¸ÉÁ„·— ¹Ê œ ×¥
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