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‹µ„£µ¡š¸É 1 „œ y —ŠŸ¨„µ¦Á¦¸¥œ¦¼oš¸ÉÁ¡·É¤ ¹Êœ‹¦· Š nªœÂ„œ x ‡º° ‡³ÂœœÁŒ¨¸É¥¦o°¥¨³ °Š‡³Âœœ°
„n°œÁ¦¸¥œ „¦µ¢Áo œš¹‡º°„¦µ¢š¸É—Š„µ¦ÂnŠnªŠ °Š¦³—´‡nµ normalized gain nŠ°°„Áž}œµ¤¦³—´ ‡º° high,
medium ¨³ low gain ×¥„¦µ¢Áo œž¦³š¸É¤¸¨¼„«¦¸Ê¨³Á ¸¥œªnµ <<g>> ‡º° Áž} œ‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥ °Š normalized gain °Š
´ÊœÁ¦¸¥œ ‹»—¸ÉÁ®¨¸É¥¤Âšœ‡nµ normalized gain ¦µ¥»‡‡¨ °Šœ´„Á¦¸¥œš¸ÉÁ¦¸¥œÃ—¥Äo »—„· ‹„¦¦¤„µ¦Á¦¸¥œ¦¼o ‹µ„Ÿ¨„µ¦
ª·Á‡¦µ³®r ¡ªnµ„µ¦¡´•œµÂœª‡·—¦µ¥»‡‡¨ (single student normalized gain) œ´ „Á¦¸¥œ¦o°¥¨³ 37.5 ŗo ‡nµ <g>
°¥¼n ĜnªŠ high gain œ´„Á¦¸¥œ¦o°¥¨³ 62.5 ŗo‡nµ <g> °¥¼nĜnªŠ medium gain ¨³Å¤n¤¸œ´ „Á¦¸¥œ‡œÄ—°¥¼n ĜnªŠ low
gain —Šªn µœ´„Á¦¸¥œnªœÄ®n ¤¸„µ¦¡´•œµŸ¨„µ¦Á¦¸¥œÄœ¦³—´žµœ„¨µŠ average normalized gain, <<g>> = 0.61
3) Ÿ¨„µ¦Áž¦¸¥Áš¸¥Ÿ¨´¤§š›·Í šµŠ„µ¦Á¦¸¥œ °Šœ´„Á¦¸¥œ „n°œÂ¨³®¨´ ŠÁ¦¸¥œ—oª¥»—„· ‹„¦¦¤„µ¦Á¦¸¥œ¦¼o
°Šœ´„Á¦¸¥œ´Êœ¤´›¥¤«¹„¬µžeš¸É 5 š¸É‹´—„µ¦Á¦¸¥œ¦¼oץčo »—„·‹„¦¦¤„µ¦Á¦¸ ¥œ¦¼o ‹Îµœªœ 8 ‡œ ¤¸ ¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥——´Š˜µ¦µŠ
˜µ¦µŠš¸É 3 —Š‡nµÁŒ¨¸É¥ X ¦o°¥¨³ ‡nµÁ¸É¥ŠÁœ¤µ˜¦“µœ (S.D.) ‡nµ™·˜·š—°š¸ (t -test) ¨³¦³—´ 
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„n°œÁ¦¸¥œ 8 32 14 1.41 43.75 7 15.56*
®¨´ŠÁ¦¸¥œ 8 32 25 2.45 78.13
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