461
(2) Code-mixing (CM) and code-switching (CS)
involve using two or more languages in the same
conversation. CM occurs at the intra-sentential level. Different linguistic units - affixed, words, phrases
and clauses - are embedded from two different grammatical systems within the same sentence and
speech event. Meanwhile, CS arises when a language is changed to another with the production of full
clauses in each language (Bullock & Toribio, 2009). In this study, the guides used CM and CS because
the trips were full of local and international tourists. Evidently, only three guides used CM while the
four used CS.
Extract 2: Code-Mixing
Ok, I think enough room for everyone. So, everyone, sawasdee krab, sawasdee krab…………… ( Guide A)
Tourist: Manta.
Guide: Ya, Manta Ray. The home of Manta Ray. Manta in Thai ‘Kraben’. Ok, we will arrive Similan island about
eleven o’clock. (Guide E)
Guide: Hello. I would like to say in Thai. Sawasdee kah. Sawasdee kah. (Guide J)
Based on Extract 2, Guides A and J needed to mix the Thai greetings with particles while
speaking in English to show their Thai identity and to make foreign tourists familiar with the way Thais
greet. Meanwhile, Guide E mixed the Thai word to emphasize the translated item in Thai.
Extract 3: Code-Switching with Translation
đéĊĜ
÷üîąǰÙøĆ
ïǰđøćöĊ
úĎ
ÖÙš
ćĂĊ
Ößč
éĀîċę
ÜìĊę
ĂŠ
ćüĕøŠ
đú÷Ť
ǰđéĊĜ
÷üđøćÝąĕðéĎ
ĂŠ
ćüĕøŠ
đú÷Ť
ÖĆ
îǰ×ĂöČ
ĂÙîĕì÷ĀîŠ
Ă÷ÙøĆ
ïǰÙîĕì÷ÖĊę
ìŠ
ćîǰ÷ĉ
îéĊ
êš
ĂîøĆ
ïÙøĆ
ïǰđéĊĜ
÷üîąÙøĆ
ïǰđøćöĊ
úĎ
ÖÙš
ćĂĊ
Ößč
é
Āîċę
ÜìĊę
ĂŠ
ćüĕøŠ
đú÷Ť
ǰ đéĊĜ
÷üđøćÝąĕðéĎ
ĂŠ
ćüĕøŠ
đú÷Ť
ÖĆ
îǰ ñöÝąĒÝš
Üǰ øć÷úąđĂĊ
÷éĂĊ
ÖÙøĆĚ
ÜĀîċę
ÜîąÙøĆ
ïüŠ
ćđøćĕðĕĀîÖĆ
îïš
ćÜǰ So everyone now we are going to pick up
another more persons from Railay beach. So, they are going to PiPi island as well. We will inform you again when another groups are
coming, ok. (Guide A)
Guide: And this island for swimming and relaxing. Ă÷Š
ćđóĉę
ÜÖøąēééîąÙøĆ
ïǰÙŠ
Ă÷ǰėǰúÜîĚĞ
ćǰPlease do not jumping..... please step by step. (Guide E)
From the above extract, Guide A actually used code-switching with translation several times. This
translation was not directly done, but it entirely worked due to an overall understanding of the
message. However, Guide E’s code-switching seemed to show more direct translation.
Extract 4: Code-Switching without Translation
If you don’t know how to swim, also you can go in but you have to put on jacket, safety jacket. …..You know the shark in Andaman Sea in
Thailand. Ăč
ðÖøèŤ
éĞ
ćîĚĞ
ćĕüš
ìĊę
ÙĂǰëš
ćĕüš
ìĊę
Āîš
ćñćÖöĊ
ēĂÖćÿĀúč
éĕéš
ÜŠ
ć÷ǰĕöŠ
ÜĆĚ
îêš
ĂÜÝŠ
ć÷ǰ1500 (laugh) hang on, hang on îš
ĂÜĔßš
đðŨ
îîąÙøĆ
ïǰêš
ĂÜĀć÷ĔÝĔÿŠ
ǰĂ÷Š
ćĔĀš
îĚĞ
ćđך
ć
ðćÖǰIt’s deep four or five meters. It’s good for snorkeling. (Guide A)
Guide:I hope you lucky today. (laugh) Because sea turtle not come every day. Only for some day. ëš
ćđøćÝćÖöč
öîĊĚ
đøćÝąđĀĘ
îĒÙŠ
đÖćąđéĊ
÷üǰĒêŠ
Ýøĉ
Üǰėǰ
öĊ
ǰđÖćąÿĊę
ǰđÖćąĀš
ćǰđÖćąĀÖǰĒúąêøÜîĆĚ
îđÖćąđÝĘ
éǰđÖćąĒðéǰìĊę
ĔĀâŠ
ÿč
éǰĒúš
üÖĘ
đÖš
ćǰöĊ
đÖš
ćđÖćą Wait a minute. (Guide E)
The sea water is very dangerous. The level of water is like a wave. Check everything inside. You don’t need to bring it all. êĂîîĊĚ
îĚĞ
ć×ċĚ
îéš
ü÷ our
kaptan, he want to look at the back side. (Guide F)
Guide: Ladies and gentlemen, please wear life jacket. Please wear it. Please wear life jacket, here. êĆ
üĔĀâŠ
ĕĀöÙąǰ
Tourist: îš
ĂÜ
Guide: ÙąǰêĆ
üĔĀâŠ
ǰWe are on the way to Coral island. (Guide J)
Based on Extract 4, the four guides used code-switching without translation when communicating
with both foreign and Thai tourists at the same time in similar topics. However, Guides A and J used
code-switching of English-Spanish and English-Malay, respectively.
(3)
Repetition
is a strategy of repeating certain words, phrases
,
clauses, and sentences for giving
more information. This strategy somewhat makes long expressions but it is a must for tour guides.
Extract 5: Repetition
Ok, thank you. Welcome, welcome. I will check. I will bring you down, ah. So many kids. School holiday. School holiday. Welcome,
welcome. Where you want to sit, here or there? This calling from the boat number 14. This calling from the boat number 14. Someone is
right there, please come…. The time is up please, time is up, please. (Guide A)
Our boat, the name of speed boat, Gypsy King, ok Gypsy King. Please remember…. Ok, Gypsy King, Gypsy King. Please follow me. Ok, Gypsy
King, this way. Gypsy King, you can sit on the table that area. (Guide E)
Boat number eight…. And also on the boat, we have soft drink. We have soft drink with ice. We have like this. (Show the drink). Free of
charge. Free of charge. (Guide F)
And now we are on Coral island. Ok, ladies and gentlemen, now we are at Coral island. Ya, we spend time here one hour. Let’s sit and do
