1012
Table 3
Mean values of phytochemical content and relative percentage of mean in oil palm fruit.
Group of phytochemical
Quantity (mg/g dry weight, DW)
Alkaloids
1.6±0.1
Saponin
3.5±0.2
Flavonoid
0.3±0.1
Phenolic
0.3±0.01
Tannin
3.5±0.1
Carbohydrate
470±1.4
Protein
2.4±0.01
In addition, the amount of primary metabolites such as carbohydrates and protein
content were also calculated. The carbohydrate content was determined from the glucose
standard curve, showed a total amount of 470±1.4 mg glucose/g DW of oil palm fruit. In p rotein
content determination, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as standard, showed regression
equation of calibration curve. The protein content obtained from oil palm fruit was 2.4±0.01 mg
BSA/g DW.
The phytochemical content of oil palm fruit at various time of harvesting
The scavenging activity for methanolic extract was up to 88.45±0.07 % after 0 h harvesting.
These results represent the antioxidant capacities of the lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions and
show relatively large standard derivations as is common natural samples. In addition, phenolic
contents were also determined from oil palm fruit after 0 -240 h harvesting. The highest phenolic
content for methanolic extract was 0.3±0.01 mg GAE/g DW after 0 h harvesting. The highest
vitamin E content for methanolic extract was 0.1±0.01 mg/g DW after 0 h harvesting. The highest
protein content for methanolic extract was 2.4±0.01 mg/g DW after 0 h harvesting. The highest
lipase for Tris-HCl extract was 0.4 U/mL after 120 h harvesting.
Oil composition
Tocopherol, tocotrienol and carotene from oil palm fruit after 0-240 h of harvesting also
evaluated. The highest tocopherol (850 mg/kg), tocotrienol (800 mg/kg) and carotene (790 mg/kg) was
obtained after 0 h of harvesting. Puah [14] studied the tocopherol concentration of palm oil during
physical refining and observed a mean value of 1273±18 ppm in crude palm oil, 1134±20 ppm
after degumming. 1095±18 ppm after bleaching and 1029±18 ppm after deodorization.
Szydlowska-Czernial [15] evaluated the total phenolic, antioxidant capacity and total carotenoid
content of oil palm samples after non-enzymatic refining. The total phenolic compounds range
from about 41 to 124 mg GA/kg and carotenoids from 1.8 to 458 mg/kg oil samples.
