533
characteristics, Chi-square was used to test for significant difference between groups. Normal distribution of the
variances was tested by Shapiro-Wilk, Skewness test, and Kurtosis test. When the distribution of variables was
normal, Paired
t
-test and independent
t
-test were used to compare within group and between group differences,
respectively. Associations between continuous variables were described using Pearson’s correlation coefficients.
Significance was accepted with
p <
0.05.
Results
Energy intake and anthropometric measures
.
Habitual diet as assessed by 3-d food records (prior and during experimental period) did not differ
between SPI and control group. The anthropometric parameter or the intake of energy, fat, carbohydrates and
dietary fiber were unchanged throughout the study period.
Effect of SPI supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles and hs-CRP.
At baseline, the clinical characteristics and biomarkers of CVD were not significantly different between
SPI and control groups (Table 1)
.
TABLE 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of subjects
1
Characteristics
Control
(n=18)
SPI
(n=18)
Difference groups
(
p
-value)
2
Age
(year)
61.56±10.57
62.00±7.87
0.887
BMI
(kg/m
2
)
24.80±2.50
25.55±1.58
0.350
Glycemic control
FPG
(mmol/l)
6.39±0.96
6.63±0.98
0.751
HbA1c
(mg%)
7.07±0.90
6.99±1.12
0.820
Lipid profiles
Total cholesterol
(mmol/l)
5.16±0.68
5.13±0.76
0.887
LDL cholesterol
(mmol/l)
3.06±0.80
3.12±0.98
0.836
HDL cholesterol
(mmol/l)
1.37±0.27
1.43±0.38
0.558
TG
(mmol/l)
1.56±0.54
1.53±0.46
0.833
Biomarker of inflammation
hs-CRP
(mg/l)
1.44±0.65
1.59±1.11
0.637
n = number, SPI = soy protein isolate, BMI = body mass index, kg/m
2
= kilogram per metre square, FPG = fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l = millimole per
litre, mg% = milligram percentage, LDL = low density lipoprotein, HDL = high density lipoprotein, TG = triglyceride, hs-CRP= high sensitivity C-reactive
protein, mg/l = milligram per litre
1
data expressed as mean ± SD
2
statistic analysis by Independent
t
-test
