2011 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
- 286 -
Abstract
-- Total energy consumption in building is about
5 to 10 times of construction cost. In hot humid climate,
cooling load is a major factor, which consumes about 65%-
80% of energy consumption in building. The key factor to
reduce electricity demand depended on the cooling load.
The design integration technique was the appropriate
method to reduce the cooling load. This paper was study in
the design integration technique that applied in the
Government Complex, Thailand. The integration techniques
that use for this project was the reducing of the cooling load,
the applying of the thermal mass storage, the applying of the
day lighting and artificial lighting, the applying on site
energy, and the increasing of the quality of life and security.
With this design approach, building needs cooling load only
120 ton of refiguring/m
2
which less than 5-8 times of
conventional building. The reducing of electricity demand
and on-site energy made this project had CO
2
emission only
23.5kgCO
2
/m
2
/year. Reduce the construction cost for the air
condition system about 1,500 million baht and reduce
electricity charge about 275 million baht per year
Index Terms
—
Design Integration, Electricity Demand,
Cooling Load, CO
2
Emission
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
Carbon dioxide is one of major factor to the climate
change. The CO
2
emissions were come from many ways
such as electricity generation, which give the energy for
the city. In Thailand, the electricity consumption in
building takes more than 60 % of total electricity
generation [1]. If consider in the life cost of the building,
the total energy consumption cost from the electricity
demand is about 5-10 times of the construction. The
cooling load is a major factor of energy consumption in
the building, which consumes about 65%-80% of total
energy consumption [2]. The cooling load can calculated
from heat transfer through building envelope, infiltration
from fresh air and moisture sink in the interior
component, and other heat source and moisture source in
the building. This study was focusing on the integrated
design concepts, which reduce the cooling load in the
building, which reduce the electricity demand and reduce
CO
2
emission.
This study was applied in Government Complex
Commemorating His Majesty t
he King’s 80
th
Birthday
Anniversary, 5
th
December, B.E. 2550, Thailand a mega-
project that has total area about 1,000,000 m
2
, which is
more than 600,000 m
2
with air-condition system [3]. This
study focusing on the main building B that has about
360,000 m
2
with air-conditions area. The Government
Complex was invested by Dhanarak Asset Development
Company Limited (DAD), the state enterprises under The
Treasury Department. This project was using the design
integration technique to apply in the building design
process.
The aim of the design integration was reducing the
cooling load, applying the thermal mass storage, applying
the day lighting and artificial lighting, applying on site
energy generation, and increasing the quality of life and
security. The reducing of the cooling was reduce the
demand in air-condition system and electricity. The
applying of the thermal mass storage was reducing the
cooling load and increasing the efficiency of the air-
condition system. The applying of the day-lighting and
artificial lighting was reducing the demand in electricity.
The applying on site energy was reducing the electricity
demand and reducing the CO
2
emission. And the
increasing of the quality of life and security was increase
the productivity of the user.
II. T
HE REDUCING OF THE COOLING LOAD
In Thailand, 60-80% of the cooling load comes from
heat transfer through the building envelope [4], other
come from external load, human and lighting.
A. Micro-Climate Modification
The
micro-climate modification was the technique to
improve the environment around the building. This
technique was using the trees, shrubs and pond to reduce
the ambient temperature. The design was reduce the hard
top surface which storage the heat far from the building.
In the conventional design technique, the ambient
temperature will increase from 35
o
C to 39
o
C, but using
this design technique, the ambient temperature will
reduce to 32
o
C. This made the heat transfer through the
envelope reducing about 2 times.
Fig. 1. The micro-climate modification technique reducing the ambient
temperature from 35
o
C to 32
o
C.
The Reducing of the Electricity Demand and
CO
2
Emission in the Government Complex
N. Jirattikalkit
Center of Excellent Building and Environment Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University, (
Thailand
)
