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Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is an importance problem of medical and public health which affects to the
patient lives and country economy. The incident is increasing worldwide more than 350 million people
in the next 20 years, especially in developing countries including Thailand [1]. Thailand’s 4th national
health surveys 2551-2 [2] showed that Thai people have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus
and also their complications, especially among the elderly group 16.7%, increase mortality and micro-
vascular damage such as diabetic retinopathy, kidney failure, diabetic neuropathy and 50% deaths
with heart disease [3]. Currently, brown rice became a more acceptance among
health care group due
to the rich in nutrient that has not been polished out like white rice. Previous studies [4-7] showed that
brown rice consumption instead of white rice may reduce the risk of diabetes or may help slow the
complications caused by high blood glucose level. Patients with diabetes should be controlled
carbohydrate diet, which affects the increase of sugar in the blood directly. Rice is staple food of Thai
people. Several cohort studies showed higher white rice consumption with increased risk of diabetes
[8-10]. Moreover, 45 prospective cohort studies and 21 randomized-controlled trials (RCT) indicated
beneficial effects of whole-grain include brown rice lower glucose concentration [11]. Partial
replacement of white rice with brown rice intake may be useful of better blood glucose control.
Previous study by Songchitsomboon et al showed that Sangyod brown rice has moderate glycemic
index (GI=64), low amylose and high fiber content. Therefore, we would like to investigate the effect
of consumption of Sangyod Phattalong brown rice for white rice on fasting plasma glucose, glycated
hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum insulin in free living type 2 diabetic patients during 24 weeks.
Materials and Methods
Subject recruitment
Type 2 diabetic patients were recruited from outpatient clinic at Ramathibodi hospital, Bangkok
and Lamsamkaeo Municipality, Pathumthani province according to the following inclusion criteria:
1) fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
t
126 mg/dL or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
t
6.5% with no insulin
injection, 2) age between 20-75 years, 3) body mass index between 25-35 kg/m
2
, 4) not currently
smoking cigarettes or
consuming alcoholic,
5)
no cancer, cardiovascular disease and other chronic
clinical conditions, 6) normal function of the liver and kidneys, 7) not taking supplements and 8) not
usually eat brown rice. Ethical approval of the study was obtained from the Committee on Human
Rights Related to Researches Involving Human Subjects, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital,
Mahidol University. All subjects gave written informed consent before participation.
